Hamlet and the Issue of Revenge in William Shakespeares Play

Hamlet and the Issue of Revenge in William Shakespeares Play The question of why Hamlet does not immediately avenge his fathers death is perhaps one of the most perplexing problems faced by an audience. Each generation of viewers has come up with its own explanation, and it has now become the most widely known critical problem in Shakespearean studies. A rather simplistic, yet valid standpoint to take on this problem is that it was essential to the tragedys narrative progression. As Hanmer said had he gone naturally to work, there would have been an end to our play!. Shakespeare, then, is faced with a problem - Hamlet must delay his revenge, and he has to come up with reasons why. The†¦show more content†¦By doing this Hamlet hopes to receive a negative reception from the King, thus revealing the ugly burden on his conscience. The play, in depicting the Kings guilt, does have a certain degree of success. His wish for the lights to come on and his order of Away! certainly suggest he was not feeling altogether comfortable in the situati on, but there of course could have been a number of reasons for his minor distress. For Hamlet however it is sufficient, for in later conversation with Horatio he says, Ill take the ghosts word for a thousand pound! Hamlet has now secured in his mind that the Ghost was telling the truth, and so can have no doubt that revenge is what Claudius deserves. His delay however does not subside, so what can be his reason now? Much of his hesitation it seems comes as a result of his own self-doubt. He feels he lacks the powerful warrior image; the one which his Father and so many more do possess. In this respect feelings of inferiority paralyse him to take any action. One can see, in Hamlets first soliloquy how insignificant he feels compared to his father when he says no more like my father/Than I to Hercules. These feelings also apply to figures such as Fortinbras, the prince of Norway, who in his effort to regain his Fathers lost land, leads an army of mass and charge. These actions of vengeance are onesShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Longing For Revenge1304 Words   |  6 PagesLonging for Revenge William Shakespeare was born in England in April of 1564 and was an English poet and playwright . Shakespeare is universally known as the greatest writer in the English language. Shakespeare frequently produced tragedies that are continuously acted out today, along with many plays and sonnets.. Although Shakespeare is seen today as a great writer who changed the world, his reputation did not rise to these heights until around the 19th century. In all of Shakespeare’s astoundingRead MoreEmily Bronte s Hamlet And Wuthering Heights 1307 Words   |  6 PagesRevenge in Hamlet and Wuthering Heights Abstract This concise paper is an analogical study. 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Blindness Or Low Vision, Cancer, And Alzheimer s Disease

Blindness or low vision is one of the most feared illness by Americans, ranking fourth after acquired immunodeficiency by syndrome, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. The National Eye Institute reports that blindness or low vision affect 3.3 million American 40 years and older, this number is projected to reach 5.5 million by 2020. As the U.S. population ages, the number of persons with major eye disease is increasing. Octogenarians currently make up 8 percent of the population, but they account for 69 percent of blindness. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) accounts for 54 percent of all blindness and is the leading cause of blindness among white Americans. Cataracts are the most prevalent eye disease in older persons and are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Almost all persons in their 90s will have had a cataract surgery is the most common therapeutic surgical procedure reimbursed by Medicare, with more than 1.5 million operations performed annually. Diabetic reti nopathy is the leading cause of new blindness in U.S. adults 20 to 74 years of age. Low vision ranks behind arthritis and heart disease as the third most common chronic cause of impaired function in persons older than 70 years. Patients with vision impairment are more likely to fall, make medication errors, have depression, or report social isolation. With rehabilitation, many patients with impaired vision can attain independence, retain their jobs, and lessen their reliance on social services andShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Illegal Drugs?967 Words   |  4 Pagesmedicinal purposes. Marijuana is used worldwide to treat hundreds of illnesses. For example, marijuana can be used to treat and prevent the eye disease glaucoma. Glaucoma is a disease that increases pressure in the eyeball, damaging the optic nurse and causing loss of vision. The effects of the drug slows the progression of the disease preventing blindness. 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An Interview with Steve Free Essays

string(54) " Americans wish to know less of the world in general\." Life for me has amounted mainly to life here in Texas. IVe traveled a little; IVe been to both the west and east coasts of this country. IVe seen large cities and small towns, oceans, deserts and mountains. We will write a custom essay sample on An Interview with Steve or any similar topic only for you Order Now IVe traveled through several states and have met people from all kinds of backgrounds. Growing up we had classes in school. We learned of a whole new world out there, with different cultures and traditions. We had learned how our country began; how it was discovered, how it was populated, and of the wars our ancestors went through to ain independence and equality for all who live here. Through our parents and grandparents we learned that, with the exception of Native Americans, our ancestors emigrated here from countries far away, most of which are separated from us by vast oceans. Other than what we have read, the pictures we see in those books, the portrayals on television and film, most of us will never know the places our ancestors walked, or converse with people who presently live in those countries. With the development of the Internet and the World Wide Web, those countries are now coming literally to our fingertips. One of the most fascinating aspects of getting access to the Internet is how it brings the people of the world into our own homes. We can find out firsthand how those people live, what they believe, their customs, and their opinions of us. That is the focus of this essay. One of my good friends, for the past two and half years, is a man named Steve. We met online in a chat community and become fast friends. He is 48 years old and lives in Essex, England, which is a county northeast of London. Steve is a truck driver by trade and a musician by heart. He’s sent me some of his songs, two of which he rote, and in my opinion, he’s a very good musician, though he often says he’s not. He’s an avid Rolling Stones fan, and most of the songs he performs at pubs reflect this. This makes for amusing chats between us at times as he tries to convert another wayward soft-rock-loving soul into a Stone’s fan. I’m not really sure how Steve felt about me asking to do my essay on him. He undoubtedly thinks I’m being very nosey, ‘nosey peep’ was the actual term he used, but he did consent to being interviewed. The only question he asked was if he had to be serious in his answers. When I asked him â€Å"Where do you live? † of course he nswered â€Å"modem land†. I told him that didn’t help with my essay, and he replied, mfou know the answer, ask the stuff you don’t. † And so our interview began†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ It seems that America has a great fascination with Great Britain. We see British actors every. vnere. We even nave some British snows on television. Many ot the stories covered in the news these days are telling of news of England, especially concerning the royal family. Why is this? IVe mentioned this fact to Steve a few times in chats. This opens up quite a little debate. He says it’s only natural for us to look to them, as England is the ‘parent’ of us. I tell him that can’t be. My ancestors came from France and Germany. He gets a chuckle, and then starts to lecture on how America as a whole was started by them, and we made the grave mistake of wasting good English tea, to which I happily reply that it’s 0k, because I don’t drink tea. I asked Steve if he sees himself as English or British. English, foremost, he says. I then asked him what he enjoys about his country. He said he enjoys the countryside, with its quiet rolling hillsides, spring flowers and gentle smooth rivers. He enjoys the music, and the English ale, with its bitter but smooth taste, and he adds it must be erved at room temperature. Somehow I think he was being extra poetic because I had asked him to elaborate on his original answer of â€Å"countryside, music, English ale†. He’s generally a man of few words, at least typed words, but when gently prodded, he can say quite a lot, sometimes sarcastically, but often humorously. We discussed some of the history in England. He says that the English tend to take their historical sites for granted, though they do a good Job of protecting the old buildings and sights. When I asked if he goes out and enjoys the historical places, he said, â€Å"No, but IVe worked in a few places of historical interest†. He says â€Å"If you live in Manhattan, you don’t go up to the Statue of Liberty. We take it all for granted really. We shouldn’t but do. † I can easily see the truth in what he says, as much of our history here is being allowed to be forgotten. When speaking of lifestyles, Steve says that he likes to experience different cultures. â€Å"Big Ben is on my doorstep. I would rather travel the world and see differing ways of living. I can see Big Ben anytime. The world is changing. I’d like to see some of it before McDonalds gets there first. Even Bangkok has a McDonalds. † Steve is speaking f his recent trip to Bangkok, Thailand. I asked him if differing lifestyles was the big draw for so many British to immigrate to the states. He says that the draw for the English is that living in the states is similar to England’s way of life, only much more comfortable. The main difference, he says, between England and the United States is that America is very inward looking. We seem to have 99% American news and Just 1% on the rest of the world. Though that may have changed since 9/1 1 . He says that Americans wish to know less of the world in general. You read "An Interview with Steve" in category "Papers" Then he apologized for sounding insulting. He ent on to say that England ruled most of the world at one point, so theyVe always had interest in the world. He says that their news is about 50/50. I said that I wondered why England wants to rule so many countries. He said â€Å"We don’t anymore. We’ve tried to give some countries back, but they won’t have it. We tried to give Gibraltar back to Spain, but the people said they wanted to stay British † I asked why that was. He said, â€Å"They like us. We’re quaint. † This moved us on toa subject Steve has much to say about. I asked him what life was like under the rule of a monarchy. He took no time to say, â€Å"Personally, it’s dreadful. I hate being the Queen’s subject. † Having only seen the monarchy on American television, I was curious as to why he would say that. He replied, â€Å"l resent their ways, their opinions. They are snobs of the worst kind; privileged and pampered while some of their people starve on the streets. Theyre hypocrites. † He goes on to say that the royals are expensive trophies for the tourists to view. Steve states, â€Å"They’ll never change. The aristocracy survives to keep the working man in his place. Give him a beer, a bit of telly and football, and he’ll be good and quiet. † I mentioned that they portray the royals here as heading oward a possible collapse, and he says, â€Å"It’s not that simple, I’m afraid. They are too powerful, too rich. They have low friends in high places. It would take a revolution to get rid of them, and the English people Just want a quiet life. † To lighten the conversation up, I turned the subject to English traditions. He states that there aren’t many left. He says, â€Å"We have Guy Fawkes Day. It’s fireworks to celebrate the capture of Guy Fawkes, who tried to blow up parliament. † He laughs, â€Å"When I worked there, down in the basement on a wall is scrawled ‘Guy Fawkes was here’, and an email address. Guy Fawkes was like three hundred years ago. We also have Pancake Day, when we all eat pancakes. Some have pancake races, where women run while tossing pancakes in a pan. We also have egg and spoon races where you run with an egg balanced on a small spoon. All very sensible pastimes. † Our conversation rolled around to what the English think of America. Steve’s impression seems to come through easily with his words. â€Å"It depends on whether theyVe been to America or not. IVe never met anyone who’s been there that doesn’t love America or Americans. Americans over here in England, though, can come across as a little loud and brash. The English that go over to the States tend to go to Florida for the climate and Disneyworld. It’s where all the travel package companies sell holidays to. It’s closer than California. Most English peeps like beaches. They fly 5000 miles to lie on a beach for two weeks. It doesn’t make sense to me. I’d rather see the countryside or the cities. Then he quotes ‘Sunshine bores the daylights outta me,’ a Mick Jagger line. Did I mention he was a Stone’s fan? Steve has always been quick to say how much he loves America. He’s traveled across the ocean about four times already, and driven from one coast to the other, a trek he ays he wa nts to do again, as soon as he can afford a month off from work. I asked if he thought it would be more difficult, since 9/1 1, to get a visa to come here. He said he has a life visa. If youVe been in the States a couple of times on short visas and haven’t overstayed or misbehaved, they give you a life visa. Or at least they used to. He proudly admits to having one. With his views of the government in England, I couldn’t help but ask if he’d ever considered moving here. He said he had, after his first visit here. And after his second. A d his third â€Å"The first couple ot times I was married My sister-in-law nad MS and my wife wouldn’t leave England. I also had a cracking band, which in American terms means a really good band. On a later trip, the housing market crashed. If I had sold my house, I would have owed $120,000. † Going back to the discussion of England, I asked if they got much sunshine during the year. Steve, in his charming way said, mieah, we had a good summer. Think it happened on a Thursday. † I inquired about this because we’ve all seen the old classic movies depicting London always under a blanket of fog. When I mentioned this, he laughed. â€Å"No, that’s a myth. We do get fog occasionally but mostly in the countryside, ot London. But when we get it, we get it, thick as soup. † He goes on to say that it rains a lot in England, which makes the country very green, which he likes. England is known for its poor maintenance on roads. I asked Steve about this. He says, â€Å"Potholes are everywhere in local roads. The weather breaks roads up and they won’t pay for upkeep. England is famous for digging holes in the roads. They lay cables, pipes, etc. , fill them in, come back a week later, dig them up again. It’s a British pastime. † I asked if people travel much. He says most people holiday abroad. It’s cheaper to go to Spain than to stay in England. When asked if England was a majority of wealthy or poor, he says that most are not poor, but they have their money tied up in their houses. â€Å"On paper, there are a lot of rich people. I myself have $200,000 on paper, but it’s tied up in my house. The cheapest apartment in my area costs $130,000. If you rent, it’s usually from the local government. Then, as an example, after a few years you can buy it at a 66% discount. Then you pay maybe $30,000 for a house that’s worth $100,000, so most people buy. The government does this for their own benefit. It’s short term; they get cash and don’t have to pay the maintenance costs. The downside is that there are no homes available for people to rent. I unfortunately bought on the open market, so no discount. It’s interesting to know that, like here in America, they have a variety of accents. Steve speaks Cockney, which is known around the London area. If youVe seen the Mary Kate and Ashley Olsen film â€Å"Winning London†, my sister’s favorite movie, you’ll get a hint of it. To us it’s fast spoken and hard to understand, and believe me, isn’t much e asier to understand in text, which he throws in from time to time Just to confuse me. He also mentions the Queen’s English, which is much more proper sounding, and hat we generally hear spoken on television. There are other accents as well, depending on the region you come from. I hated to end the interview. England has so much to learn about. I would have liked to delve much more deeply into the history and culture of his country, the things we don’t hear and read about here in the States. But it’s getting late for Steve. England is 7 hours ahead of Texas. It’s very easy to forget the time difference and Just keep talking, on my end at least. I am very happy to have met Steve, even if we never get the opportunity to meet tace-to-tace. How to cite An Interview with Steve, Papers

Analyse the character of Juliet, showing clearly whether she changes during the coarse of the play Essay Example For Students

Analyse the character of Juliet, showing clearly whether she changes during the coarse of the play Essay In William Shakespeares Romeo Juliet, the character of Juliet changes constantly throughout the play. In some scenes she is a calm and calculated adult, in others she is seen as a somewhat immature child and sometimes she is observed as a glorious mix between the two. We first see Juliet when she is called for by her mother. Juliet is very curious towards her mother when she says madam, I am here. This shows her maturity and respect. She gives her mother what seems like very careful and measured answers. When she is asked what she thinks of marriage she replies that it is an honour that I dream not of. Its as if she thought of who she was talking to and then thought of an appropriate answer for that person. Then later in the play, when she first speaks with Romeo, Juliet speaks with the excitement of a child but also with the maturity and understanding of an adult. In their shared sonnet, Juliet is quietly confident and responds appropriately. When Romeo uses the imagery of two blushing pilgrims she immediately picks up o his language and echoes it and calls him good pilgrim. When Romeo kisses her for the first time she replies with you kiss by thbook. This shows her child-like excitement but also in her excitement we can see the emotional maturity of an adult. After the party is over and Juliet has retired to the balcony we see a less rational side of her when she asks for Romeo to deny thy father and refuse thy name. She knows this can never happen yet still whimsically says it as though there is no feud. But when she realises that Romeo is in the garden she quickly becomes more practical and a bit anxious. She knows that the garden will be Romeos place of death if any of kinsmen find . She later asks Romeo that if he dost love, pronounce it faithfully. She is child-like in her excitement but not immature. Later, when the Nurse is returning from her job of finding Romeo, Juliet uses a childish insincere flattery technique by calling her good, sweet Nurse and sweet, sweet Nurse, to get the information from the Nurse. Many children today use this when they want something. After the Nurse continually doesnt give her the message she wants and asks where Lady Capulet is, Juliet snaps and becomes sharp and irritated like a spoilt child would. Her irritation is evident in her use of rhetorical questions. Where is my mother? Why, she is within. Where should she be? How oddly thou repliest: Your love says, like an honest gentleman, where is your mother? After the Nurses fake annoyance of do your messages yourself Juliet almost explodes in a fit of rage with heres such a coil! Come, what says Romeo? This shows the impatience and childishness of the teenage Juliet. Juliet then anticipates Romeos arrival for their wedding night. She wishes for ancient Gods to bring in cloudy night immediately as she is excited about her next encounter with Romeo. Again, she is excited like a child yet has the emotional maturity of a woman and is looking forward to a sexual relationship. Perhaps this sexual confidence comes from being brought up by the vivacious Nurse. When the Nurse comes to tell Juliet of Tybalts death, Juliet quickly picks up on her mothers body language and asks why dost thou wring thy hands? showing her social understanding and growth. .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f , .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f .postImageUrl , .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f , .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f:hover , .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f:visited , .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f:active { border:0!important; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f:active , .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u426abdc638c51ab48c70b6a68947386f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gerald Croft EssayAfter the Nurse has exclaimed hes dead, hes dead Juliet immediately fears that she means Romeo. The Nurse continues to confuse and aggravate Juliet with the impreciseness of her message. Juliet quickly shifts between emotions, such as frustration (what devil art thou that dost torment me thus?), complete sadness (O break, my heart, poor bankrout, break at once!), confusion (what storm is this that blows so contrary?) and utter disbelief (o God, did Romeos hand shed Tybalts blood?). Juliet tries to rationalise what has happened. By saying it aloud, shes trying to clear the confusion in her head and when the Nurse says shame come to Romeo, Juliet immediately responds with loyalty blistered be thy tongue for such a wish. The Nurse asks Juliet will you speak well of him that killed your cousin? to which she replies shall I speak ill of him who is my husband? Juliet seems to have rationalised everything very quickly even through the emotional turbulence. Finally Juliet and Romeo are reunited after the confusion. She is now rather fanciful and impractical when she says it was the nightingale, not the lark and yond light is not daylight, I know it, implying that it is not time for Romeo to leave yet. This is very unrealistic of her because she knows that if he stays much longer the guards will find him and kill him. But then, almost like she has woken from a daze, she says be gone, away! It is the lark that sings so out of tune when she finally realises the danger Romeo is in. When holding a conversation with her mother about their feelings of Tybalts murder, Juliet is very cunning. She uses double meanings, enabling her to say how she really feels of Romeo while her mother thinks she means the opposite. I never shall be satisfied with Romeo, till I behold him O how my heart abhors to hear him named. We then see Juliets incredibly strong and powerful side when she is defiant in her fathers wishes for her to marry Paris. She repeats her mothers words back in her own bark of he shall not make me there a joyful bride. This is very brave of her to defy her father in a patriarchal society. She later feels the wrath of Capulet when he rages at her with his yell of is she not proud that we have wrought so worthy a gentleman to be her bride?. But even in the face of this fury she still tries to be mature and says not proud you have, but thankful you have as if to calm her father down. Eventually she is reduced to begging on knees but to no avail. Her mother and the Nurse cannot argue with Capulet and so are forced to abandon Juliet. It really shows Juliets overall courage in the face of this turmoil and crisis to pull herself together so quickly, even if it is in her own pact that if all else fail, myself have power to die. It takes an awful lot to be able to commit suicide, strength far beyond that of an immature child. Children fear death but Juliet has the maturity and experience now to see it as her final option if everything else she tries fails. We can see from these varied sections of the play, that Juliets character is not solely child-like, passive, submissive and immature or mature, confident and assertive. The character, like all of us, is a wonderful combination of the two and constantly shifts between them, allowing different and appropriate responses depending on what the situation calls for.

Buddhism Essays - Nstika, Buddhism, Gautama Buddha, Transtheism

Buddhism 1. Introduction - I recently started to wonder about other world religions and things like that. And so I've started reading up about different religions and I came across one that really caught my attention. The religion is Buddhism. Today I'm going to tell you a little bit about it's history, some basic beliefs, and some of the different kinds of Buddhism. 2. Thesis 1. Subject - Buddhism 2. Initial Summary 1. The Origin of Buddhism 2. Basic Beliefs of Buddhism 3. The Two Kinds of Buddhism 3. Body 1. The Origin of Buddhism 1. More than 25,00 years ago Buddhism was started by Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian Prince, commonly known was the Buddha. 2. Fortune tellers told his father that Siddhartha would leave home when he found out about sorrow, sickness, and death. 3. Siddhartha was kept in a palace where all his desires were fulfilled until he wandered into the groves and met four men who changed his way of thinking. 2. Basic Beliefs of Buddhism 1. For a Buddhist to achieve enlightenment and be able to reach Nirvana, the Buddhist version of heaven, they must believe in the four noble truths. 2. To help stop desire and craving for worldly things a Buddhist must follow the Eightfold Path. 3. Buddha did not believe in a soul but he did believe in something eternal in humans. He called this thing Karma which is the sum of one's good and bad deeds. If you have good Karma in your present life you will come back as something good in your next life. 3. The Two Kinds of Buddhism 1. Theravada Buddhism is a personal religion in which salvation is something that each person must accomplish themselves. 2. Mahayana Buddhism believes that there are many Buddhas who can aid humanity in finding salvation. 3. Mahayana emphasizes the part of the Buddha's life after his enlightenment when he stayed on earth to help others. Theravada emphasizes the Buddha's way to enlightenment. IVConclusion 1. Closing Summary 1. The Origin of Buddhism 2. Basic Beliefs of Buddhism 3. The Two Kinds of Buddhism 2. Final Statement - That's basic Buddhism. I hope you all learned a little something about the religion. Buddhism I recently started to wonder about other world religions and things like that. And so I've started reading up about different religions and I came across one that really caught my attention. The religion is Buddhism. Today I'm going to tell you a little bit about it's history, some basic beliefs, and some of the different kinds of Buddhism. Buddhism began more than 25,000 years ago. It was started by an Indian Prince named Siddhartha Gautama. Siddhartha became dissatisfied with the beliefs of the Hindu religion and sought to find the peace of mind he wanted. When Siddhartha was born, fortune tellers told his father that when Siddhartha learned about sickness, sorrow, and death he would leave his home. His father did everything he could to prevent this from happening, including building a special palace for Siddhartha to grow up in and provided all he desired. Siddhartha lived in the house for a long time but on a visit to the groves behind the palace he met four men, a sick man, an old man, and a corpse. The fourth man explained why all these things were happening, thus teaching Siddhartha about sickness, sorrow, and death. So Siddhartha left his home and went in search of inner peace. Through much meditation he found his own ideas about heaven and reaching the ultimate state of bliss. He found enlightenment under a fig tree and this became Buddha, or ?the enlightened one?, he could then enter nirvana, the Buddhist place of eternal bliss or stay on earth and help others find salvation. Buddha didn't believe in exactly believe in a soul but he did believe that there was something eternal inside people or they could not be born again. He called this eternal part of humans Karma. Karma is the sum of one's good and bad deeds. It determines what a person will come back as in their next life. In his first sermon Buddha revealed the Four Noble Truths which form the basis of the Buddhist beliefs. The Four Noble Truths: 1. All lives, from birth to death, are filled with suffering. 2. This suffering is causes by the craving for worldly

Comparing The Price of Gas To A Gallon Of Milk †Short Economics Essay

Comparing The Price of Gas To A Gallon Of Milk – Short Economics Essay Free Online Research Papers Comparing The Price of Gas To A Gallon Of Milk Short Economics Essay The Price of gas is no surprise, yet the reactions and comments make on believe that no one saw this coming. Supply-and-demand. The economy is always built around the people; generally people stick with trends, which makes it easy for large corporations to use the public for their own moneymaking schemes. Hence, whenever one object is in on the new trend, companies with brand names are able to make the same product, but slap a designer label on it and sell it at higher prices. Dairy producers are receiving some of the lowest prices for milk in twenty-five years. Even so, customers are being forced to pay as much as twenty-five percent more for milk in the lower forty-eight states, despite low prices paid to the dairy farmers. According to the Department of Agriculture, the average price of milk per gallon in July was three dollars and fifty-two cents, while the national average was seen to be around two dollars and seventy-eight cents. But, government set farm prices per gallon of milk is around one dollar. With Washington having more than six hundred dairy farms, it is one of the top milk-producers in the United States. Milk is Washington’s second most valuable commodity, second to only apples, but dairy industry representatives say the high retail prices help depress sales and contribute to dairy farm failures in the state. Research Papers on Comparing The Price of Gas To A Gallon Of Milk - Short Economics EssayDefinition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanGenetic EngineeringArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital PunishmentAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

The Five Messages Leaders Must Manage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Five Messages Leaders Must Manage - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that if you ask the average population to explain what qualities make a good leader or a good manager, you would probably get many similar answers. Several attributes can contribute to a good leader in management positions, such as those leaders who have the full support and respect of their employees while realizing goal-oriented results. In some organizations, managers may burden their subordinates to achieve the desired goals and build a positive image in the eyes of their superiors and co-workers. However, they may do so by imposing a sense of fear for failure or extremely stressful expectations upon those working for them. An employee may not be motivated by a positive reinforcement in the workplace, but rather by a â€Å"looming† fear that his or her job may be at risk if a manager’s expectations are not met. On the other hand, individuals who are gifted leaders can motivate individuals without intimidating them, but the y may fall short of the corporate expectations as managers. In other words, some managers may be terrible leaders and some leaders make for very poor managers. Therefore, employees that combine the attributes of the skilled leaders and managers are valuable assets to their organization as they put their teams on the right track to support the organization’s overall goals. Honesty, humility, logic, confidence, compassion, ethics, morality, and a sense of humor are just a few of the attributes that may be sought out in a good leader and manager.... I believe â€Å"the list of messages to leaders† to be endless, and may not be encompassed in Hamm’s five messages nor in the following four messages that I suggest. 1. Do not just be proactive†¦be interactive Unintentionally, some managers may lean toward imposing their individual perspectives and ideas upon their teams. They may eagerly explain the preferred course of action their employees should implement without allowing for further discussions. Such managers may have genuine and viable ideas; however, other team members should be equally motivated to participate and contribute their ideas rather than acting as mere instruments. The manager being completely interactive within her team says a great deal about the quality of her leadership. (Prive, 2012) As we have discussed in the class, interactions and consequent conflicts are naturally occurring and necessary to spur teams’ synergy and collaborative efficiency. 2. Appreciate that â€Å"Teams† a re the sum of their parts†¦ For a manager that is not interactive, it is easier to think of the team members as single merged entities. They are identifiable to the manager by department names or team titles, not as skilled individuals forming a cohesive group dynamics. This may drive team members to feel as expendable as machine parts, and consequently not take individual pride in their work. A good leader takes the time to regularly review the people that contribute to the business’s success. Recognizing the names of the individuals and the jobs they perform make employees feel appreciated. Furthermore, acknowledging the quality of employees’ work makes them feel uniquely important and needed. (Makovsky, 2012)

Evidence base Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Evidence base - Assignment Example sts that operating room nurses should exhibit strong professional judgment, effective communication and critical thinking skills that aid them in becoming accustomed to the dynamics of a surgical room (Moss et al, 2014). According to the Operating Room Nurses Association of Canada, the policy does not only assist in defining the safety measures of the patient but similarly plays a role in helping the perioperative nurses attain competence. Additionally, the enactment of such a policy results into continuous improvement of perioperative nursing as a practice (Wade, 2014). The practice of perioperative nursing is broad given that they routinely have to interact with different healthcare providers including surgeons and anesthetists. To that effect, a perioperative nurse often takes part in all the operating phases ranging from pre-assessment all the way to recovery. Data relevant to the highlighted policy is often collected by analyzing whether the perioperative nurse assigned to a specific patient took part in the preoperative, anesthetics, surgical and recovery stages. This is because the nurses are often required to sign in for any session they take the patient through. Moss, J. & Tibbs, M. S. (2014, November). Promoting Teamwork and Surgical Optimization: Combining Team STEPPS with a Specialty Team Protocol. Association of perioperative Registered Nurses journal. DOI:

Marketing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Analysis - Essay Example (Anonymous, 2013) The marketing campaign of the memorial hospital is done using social media (facebook, twitter and YouTube), websites and print media as media channels. This marketing campaigns focuses on the on the marketing mix and the target market of the organization. This media channels are used to advertise the services that the hospital offers such as Addictions , Allergies and Rheumatology, Back, Neck and Spine Care, Behavioral Health ,Blood Disorders and Diseases , Care, Burn ,Cancer Care and Health. The hospital has used the media channels and this can be analyzed as follows; (Mark, 2012) I. Social media. This has mostly used by the hospital to reach a specific group. The social media which include the usage of facebook twitter and YouTube is usually commonly used by a large number of people across the globe. The hospital has used the social media at a smaller extend. This can be seen in the small number of followers in the twitter and facebook.The YouTube downloads also reveals a small number of customer accesses. The hospital uses this social media to target the youth group. II. Websites. The company has effectively used the websites. This has been done in such a way that it gives links to compare the services that it offers with other hospitals in terms of price, quality and the place. The websites also link the social media and gives a place for the feedback so as to evaluate the services for the better services. It also provides testimonials compared to other hospitals that do assume, this makes the hospital to be on the competitive advantage.The websites reveal the facilities which play a major role in advertising the hospital. (Mark, 2012) III. Print media. The hospital has adopted the usage of print media. The hospital has strategized in such a way that it uses the magazines that make lot of sales, the wall street journal, to advertise its products. This has been effective in the advertisement because most of the people often read the

Cadbury | Marketing Analysis

Cadbury | Marketing Analysis Cadbury, the global leader in the chocolate confectionery market, began in 1824 when a young Quaker named John Cadbury opened up a shop in Birmingham. He sold tea, coffee and drinking cocoa and chocolate and one of the main causes of poverty was alcohol, he hoped that his product would prove to be a suitable alternative for it and so he maintained high quality standards for all of his products. Quakers was not allowed to attend university at that time and his anti-military thoughts also kept him away from the military, so he devoted his time towards business related activities or to other social reforms. John was selling 11 different types of cocoa and 16 different kinds of drinking chocolate by 1842. His brother, Benjamin also joined the company and they formed Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. They got the Royal Warranty from Queen Victoria in 1854 and opened their office in London. The partnership failed after six years when Johns wife died and due to his deteriorating health. The business was handed over to George and Richard, Johns sons and they operated the business later on. The two brothers continued to expand their business and were earning profit now. Cadburys Cocoa Essence, which was advertised as absolutely pure and therefore best, was an all-natural product made with pure cocoa butter and no starchy ingredients. Cocoa Essence was the beginning of chocolate as we know it today. They moved their business to South of Birmingham and the area became popularly known as, Bournville. Due to profitable business, the brothers also started selling tea in 1873. Master confectioner Frederic Kinchelman was appointed to share his recipe and production secrets with Cadbury workers. This resulted in Cadbury producing chocolate covered nougats, bonbons delices, pistache, caramels, avelines and more. In 1897, they manufactured their first milk chocolate and two years later, they were incorporated as a limited company and had hired 2600 people in their factory. Cadbury supported World War I and sent books, chocolates and clothes to the soldier. Around 2000 of their employees joined the armed forces. These people were allowed to work in the factory after taking educational courses once they were back from the war. During this period trade overseas increased, and Cadbury opened its first overseas factory near Hobart, Tasmania. The next year Cadbury merged with JS Fry Sons, a past market leader in chocolate. Cadbury also extended their support in the Second World War. Their factories were used for the manufacturing of arms and ammunitions. Their growing fields were used as runways for the airplanes used in wars. Cadbury St. Johns Ambulance unit helped people during air raids and chocolate were provided to soldiers through out the war. In 1969 Cadbury merged with Schweppes (a brand famous for manufacturing carbonated soft drinks and mineral water) to form Cadbury Schweppes. These two merged companies went on to acquire Sunkist, Canada Dry, Typhoo Tea and more. Schweppes Beverages was created, and the manufacture of Cadbury confectionery brands was licensed to Hershey. Today Cadbury Schweppes is the largest confectionery company in the world, employing more than 70,000 employees. In 2006 the company had over $15 billion in overall sales. Cadbury Product Timeline A history of Cadburys sweet success à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1824 John Cadbury, the son of Richard Cadbury, opened his shop in Birmingham and sold tea, coffee,hops, mustard, cocoa and drinking chocolate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1866 The Cadbury brothers introduce a new cocoa process to produce a much more palatable Cocoa Essence the forerunner of the cocoa we know today. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1897 First milk chocolate manufactured by chocolate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1904 George Cadbury Junior perfects a new recipe for milk chocolate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1905 Cadbury launched Dairy Milk into the market contained more milk than any other chocolates. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1913 Dairy Milk became Cadburys best-selling line. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1915 Cadbury Milk Tray was introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1920 Cadbury Flake was introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1923 Cream filled eggs, the forerunner of Cadburys Creme Egg, were introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mid-1920s Cadbury Dairy Milk gains its status as the brand leader in the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1928 Fruit and Nut was introduced as a variation of Dairy Milk and Cadbury introduced the glass and a half advertising slogan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1933 Cadbury added Whole Nut to the Dairy Milk family. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1938 Cadbury Roses were launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1956 Cadbury supplied Roses for a Royal tour of East Africa. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1958 Picnic was launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1960s Chocolate Éclairs were launched by London confectioner, James Pascall. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1971 Halls joined the Adams family and Cadbury Creme Egg was launched. Pascalls was bought by Cadbury, with Eclairs becoming the second largest brand in the company (at that time). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1974 Cadbury Eclairs were launched only in the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1976 Cadbury Caramel was launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1979 New advertising idea of saying thank you with Cadbury Roses was introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1980-96 Cadbury Eclairs became an international brand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1985 Cadbury Creme Egg launched a new campaign called, How do you eat yours? . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1987 Cadbury Twirl was launched and Cadbury Roses became the leading brand in the twist-wrap market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1998 Cadbury Dairy Milk was relaunched only in the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1999 Cadbury Eclairs were relaunched as Cadbury Choclairs in important markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2000 Cadbury Snowflake was launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2005 Cadbury Schweppes acquires Green Blacks, the UK premium chocolate brand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2010 Company accepted takeover bid from US food giant Kraft. Interesting Facts about Cadbury Instead of printing texts on chocolate boxes, Cadbury became the first company to include pictures as well. George Cadbury emphasized on mother-children relationship and whenever any woman worker had a baby, she was asked to leave the job and take care of the baby. Cadbury became the first company offering kitchens with dining tables and food for sale in 1886. A miniature metal animal (elephant, penguin, owl, fox, duck, squirrel, rabbit or turtle) was given away with specially designed cocoa tins in 1934. In the same year, Cadburys tokens, which came with packs of cocoa, could be redeemed for lamps, kettles and saucepans. Many children joined Cadburys Cococub Club in 1936. Cadburys World Visitor Center opened in 1990, welcoming 400,000 visitors in its first year. A Get Active program was launched by Cadbury in 2003, helping 10,000 teachers get in shape. Cadbury a leader in the global confectionery market Cadbury is one of the worlds leading confectionary firms, selling chocolate, gum and candy under its own name in addition to other brands such as Halls and Green and Blacks. It also produces a range of beverages and functional and health foods. The organization now operates in more than 60 countries, with the United States, New Zealand, Turkey and Canada among the nations in which its various products are sold. It has approximately 45000 employees and works with around 35000 direct and indirect suppliers. The firm earned a 7 percent rise in their revenue recently. Key categories and brands Cadbury is operating in a number of markets at the same time, including the functional and health foods and beverages sectors. It also sells a wide range of confectionery throughout the world both under its own brand and a range of other names. Among these are Green and Blacks chocolate ( UKs leading premium chocolate product). Other confectionery products include Cadbury Roses boxes of individually wrapped assorted chocolates and the Cadburys Creme Egg. Flake, Eclairs and Dairy Milk are the chocolates that are sold under Cadburys brand name. Other products that are offered by the firm within the confectionery sector include Freddo, Caramilk, Old Gold and Wendel Mieszanka Wedlowska. Cadbury is also a major player in the gum market, with Bubblicious bubblegum among the range of such products. Bubblicious is the number one bubblegum in Canada and the second-most popular in the United States. It comes in a variety of flavours including Watermelon Wave and Strawberry Splash. Stride is also among the gums available on the US market, while First a sugar-free gum launched in Turkey in 1995 has a number of sub-brands such as Neogum Lava. Among this particular product range is First Duo which contains a number of herbal active ingredients such as parsley, sunflower and extract of green tea aimed at providing clean and fresh breath. The firm is also active within the beverages sector, with its leading brands here including Bournvita a cocoa-based drink that can be mixed with water and/or milk which is particularly popular in India and Nigeria Cadbury Bournville Cocoa and Cadbury Drinking Chocolate. Cadburys Halls brand has a major stake within the functional and health foods sector. The range of mentholated products which includes Halls Defense, Fruit Breezers and Maxair provide nose and throat relief for those suffering from colds, coughs and other ailments and has a 22 per cent share of the medicated confectionery market. It also accounts for more than half of all cough drop products sold throughout the world and has licensed medicated status in northern hemisphere countries including Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. In other parts of the world particularly in hot, dry countries Halls products tend to be purchased for the purposes of mouth refreshment. The confectionary market was booming as many multinational firms were entering. Till the mid 80s, chocolate market was small and almost dominated by Cadbury only. It made chocolate for a distinct category with an identity of its own. So chocolates carried a only for kids tag ad and kept the adults away. Cadbury had 80% of the market share by mid 80s. Other categories like Amul and Campco tried to break into the market and reduce Cadburys market share, but failed. By now chocolate were categorized as luxury and were reserved for special occasions and for rewarding and reinforcing the positive behavior. Later on Cadbury also dominated the market because it not only focused on children, but on adults also. While its competitors thought and made chocolates only for children, due to which Cadbury had an upper hand in the chocolate market. Trends in the Industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Changes are rapidly taking place these days, so everyone (including the young and the elderly) will change according to the new lifestyle and will adapt to chocolate eating. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Population and family incomes as well as urbanization are increasing in the industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Approximately 6 million people have upgraded to the middle class. On February 2, 2010, Cadbury became part of Kraft Foods as both of them merged. Some fast facts on the combined company of Cadbury and Kraft are: Our Global Reach  · Approximately $50 billion in revenues  · 25%+ of global revenue from emerging markets  · #1 in global confectionery  · #1 in global biscuits  · More than 50% of global revenue from snacks and confectionery Our Brand Portfolio  · 11 brands with more than $1 billion in revenue  · 70+ brands with more than $100 million in revenue  · 40+ brands over 100 years old  · 80% revenue from #1 share positions Explanation Cadbury is considered in the market structure of Monopolistic Competition. All the firms in the industry face a lot of competition from each other and Hersheys and Nestle are some of the major competitors of Hersheys, to name a few. There is no collusion between such firms and so each firm determines its own pricing policy without considering the possible reactions of rival firms. They all are producing products with slightly different physical characteristics, offer varying degrees of customer service, providing various amounts of locational convenience or proclaim special qualities, real or imagined, for their products. Product differentiation may also be created through the use of brand names and trademarks, packaging, and celebrity connections, for example, Cadbury included Amitabh Bachan in their advertisements. It shows that the demand for Cadbury products is highly elastic. Entry and exit of firms in monopolistic competition is relatively easy as economies of scale are few and capital requirements are low and nothing prevents an unprofitable monopolistic competitor from holding a going-out-of-business sale and shutting down. The expense and effort of the firms would be wasted if the consumers do not know about the product, so the firms often advertise heavily and the goal of product differentiation and advertising is nonprice competition, which is to make price less of a factor and make product differences a greater factor. If it becomes successful, the demand curve of the firm shifts towards the right and becomes less elastic. ADVERTISING SALES PROMOTION Advertising and Sales promotion are very essential for a business to prosper and to generate revenue. As Cadbury has many substitutes as well like Hersheys and Nestle etc., so it is in a stage of great competition. It needs to focus a lot on advertising to capture the market share because all of the firms in the industry are selling differentiated products, due to which they are heavily focusing on advertising. Slogans of advertising are the tools of sales promotion are very important as they persuade the customer to purchase the product. Following are a few advertising slogans used by Cadbury for introducing the product to the customers:- THE REAL TASTE OF LIFE (DAIRY MILK ) THODI SI PET POOJA KABHI BHI KAHI BHI (PERK) WHEN EVER ON HUNGER STRIKE (PERK) TAN KI SHAKTI, MAN KI SHAKTI (BOURNVITA) KUCH ZADA HI SOLID (PICNIC) YEH CHOCOLATE KHAE AAP INHE KHAE (ECLAIRS) Along with great advertisements, these slogans are beautifully used by Cadbury so they can persuade the consumer to buy the product. PRICING POLICIES ADOPTED BY CADBURY Although there is intense competition among different chocolate firms for market share and new products, it has been seen that the prices of chocolates has risen since the last one year. Prices of important brands like Nestles Kitkat and Cadburys Dairy Milk have rose by 25 per cent each and prices of brands like Cadburys Eclairs have also rose. Cocoa is one of the most important inputs of Cadburys chocolate and accounts for 45% of the total cost of chocolate production. Since its domestic production (estimated at 4500 to 5000 tonnes for the current year) is not increasing in India, so they have to import it at a higher price. More than half of the cocoa used in production is being imported. This is one of the major reasons why a rise in prices of Cadburys chocolate can be seen. Along with it, the Indian rupee is also depreciating, so it makes the company worse off. Another reason is that internationally the prices of cocoa has risen, so the production cost of firm increases which compels the firm to rise its prices. The excise duties have imposed a heavier charge on imports by increasing the tax paid on excise duties from 8% to 18%.Maximum retail prices have been introduced in the budget which adds to the cost of production. All these factors have risen the cost of production of the firm and it is unlikely that the prices will recede in the near future. FACTORS INFLUENCING PRICING OF CADBURY Internal Factors Corporate and marketing objectives of the firm. The image sought by the firm through pricing. The characteristics of the product. Price elasticity of demand of the product. The stage of the product on the product life cycle. Use pattern and turn around rate of the product. Cost of manufacturing and marketing. Extent of distinctiveness of the product and extent of production differentiation practiced by the firm. Other elements of the marketing mix of the firm and their interaction with pricing. Composition of the product line of the firm. External Factors Market characteristics. Buyers behavior in respect of the given product. Bargaining power of major customers. Competitors pricing policy. Government controls regulations on pricing. Other relevant legal aspects. Societal (or social) considerations. Understanding, if any reached with price cartels. Cadbury objective of pricing Profit maximization in the short-term. Profit optimization in the long-term. A minimum return (or target return) on investment. A minimum return on sales turnover. Targets sales volume. Target market share. Deeper penetration of the market. Entering new markets. Target profit on the entire product line irrespective of profit level in individual products. Keeping competition out, or keeping it under check. Fast turn around and early cash recovery. Stabilizing prices and margins in the market. Cadbury vs Kraft Confectionery Market Value Share by Region 2008 The Kraft/Cadbury strategic fit It is the end of 3 years turnaround plan and its redeveloped growth strategy is strongly based on selected primary categories, such as chocolate, biscuits and coffee. It has secured a leading position after the attainment of DANONEs biscuit and cereals division in the global market with 18.4% value share, the company seems to follow the same policies in order to gain a leading position in confectionery market. The joint value share of Kraft and Cadbury in the global confectionery market will be 14.9%, it captures the top position from current leader Mars (14.5%). Krafts further expansion in confectionery market is dependent on its current reforms strategies and its aim is to become a global powerhouse in snacks, confectionery and quick meals. It is expanding its activities in confectionery which will fully complement the Danone biscuits and cereal product operations. Even though Krafts market share is higher in all region except for the smallest Middle East, Africa and Australia is comparatively higher than Cadburys, in confectionery Cadbury has a noteworthy lead over Kraft, except for Eastern Europe where Kraft was one of the first multinational movers to enter the market. With this attainment Kraft will gain a strong value share and leading position in many major developing markets in Latin America, the Middle East and Africa and Asia-Pacific, such as India As well as wider geographical reach, Kraft will also benefit from Cadburys brands meeting its own chocolate and sugar confectionery portfolio as well. Attaining Cadbury Kraft will get leading position in global confectionery and it helps it expand it geographical coverage in meeting regions. However, even confectionery is expected to perform below overall packaged food growth over the 2009-2014 period, with a 1.5% CAGR compared to a 1.7% CAGR, respectively. Asia Pacific and Latin America are most relevant set, gains of Kraft. As their confectionery market of 2009 and 2014 are expected to post CAGR of 2.3% and 2.6% respectively DANONEs biscuits and Cadbury are Krafts latest acquisitions and are revealing the companys strategic direction of establishing strong growth platforms in categories in which it can benefit from complementary operations and significant economies of scale. Revenue Performance by Category Throughout the year there was a good demand for chocolates and bagged candies the expected beneficiary of stay at home culture. At the same time, regardless to a softer start to the year, the more functional or activity related product, like medicated gums and candies delivered a positive growth from the end of second quarter. Chocolate (46% of revenue in 2009) delivered revenue growth of 7%, reflecting strong performances in the UK, India and South Africa. India and South Africa benefited from continued investment behind affordable products, supporting chocolate growth in emerging markets of 11%. Australia delivered progressively good growth, benefiting from the relaunch of the core Cadbury Dairy Milk (CDM) brand in the second quarter of the year. Similarly, our business in Poland benefited from the relaunch of Wedel in the second half, leveraging the experience of the UK relaunch of CDM in 2008. Gum (33%) revenue growth improved strongly in the second half (up 5%) more than compensating for the weak first quarter. As a result, Gum was up 2% for the year as a whole. Despite weak market conditions overall, our businesses improved market share in nearly all key markets, including the US where the launch of Trident Layers in the second half re-established strong growth momentum in the category. Candy (21%) revenues grew 5% for the year as a whole reflecting strong second half growth of 9% with significantly improved performances from Halls, Éclairs and other mainstream candy brands. Halls benefited from product innovation and a good start to the cold and flu season. Innovation drove strong growth in other focus brands, including Éclairs (up 29%) and The Natural Confectionery Co (up 24%). Revenue Performance by Market Our performance by market reflected some local market share performances, even though weak economic conditions in many developed markets, in addition to the different mix between chocolate, gum and candy. Generally, based on the markets for which we have recent share data available, that represent 90% of our revenue, market share, progress has been very good. Cadbury has generated over 70% of our revenue. In emerging markets (38% of revenue in 2009), revenue growth was again very strong for the year as a whole, up 9% (up 7% in the first half and up 10% in the second half), led by strong performances in India, the Middle East and Africa and South America. While trading in European emerging markets was challenging, Russia and Turkey improved toward the end of the period, and both countries delivered growth for the year. In developed markets (62%), revenue grew 2% with an improved second half (up 3%) offsetting the slow start to the year. The impact of weak market conditions in developed Europe was mitigated by strong growth in the UK and significantly improved performance in the US and Canada. V I S I O N The governing objective for Cadbury is to deliver: Superior Shareholder Value Cadbury in every pocket The company believes this requires: Broadening our consumer appeal and extending their reach to newer markets Sustained growth of their market share through aggressive product development Striving for international quality in their products and processes Focusing on cost competitiveness and productivity in their operations and innovative utilisation of their assets Investing to develop people. Developing a product which would gain a permanent place in the companys product portfolio is not an easy task. It take minimum 58 new product ideas in order to come up with on successful new product and some researchers estimate to a 100 ideas. Majority of the ideas fail even before they are made to the consumers, a rest major portion fails during the marketing test process and do not make it to national distribution. With the enormous investments needed to fund such projects it becomes essential that the entire project is carefully researched. Successful new product development is mainly team work research and development, marketing and sales, market research, production, engineering and finance. At Cadbury, the marketing role is fulfilled by the Product/Brand Manager , function is to coordinate and mastermind the project through from the initial brief to national launch, until the largest sales capacity has been achieved. The initial incentive for embarking on a New Product Develop ment project can be: Changes in consumer lifestyles Technology developments where new processing techniques have been devised The need for market extension abroad, particularly into Asia Pacific, and the demise of trade barriers. However, products cannot be simply transferred from one market to another without review and possible adaptation to suit differing expectations and cultures. Whether the product strategy is: Existing product improvement New product development within the current range of activity Production diversification. Situational factors when designing market planning and analysis of environment is serious as it would allow Dairy Milk to capitalize on organizational strengths, minimize any weaknesses, exploit market opportunities and avoid any threats. Strengths Cadbury would realize several possible advantages in going abroad. By penetrating a foreign market the company could: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain a stable growth of a company by maximizing the use of its production capacity and thus increase economies of scale and scope. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ With its brand name, Cadbury could counterattack the competitors it faces in the domestic market by attacking their domestic market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Keep up with the financial strength by increasing its sales and profit, indeed the foreign market could present higher profit opportunities than the domestic products. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Acquisition rules in UK reduce its dependence on the UK market and therefore diversify its market specific risks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Overall, Cadbury has been successful through the new products (development) it has to offer. Weaknesses Overall, Cadbury has a weak position in the US market; therefore, need to change its target to a different location. It lacks of distribution network, it also has a small total of market share altogether. Therefore in order to market the product in France successfully, Cadbury has to find out how it should improve, in order to have great performance. It should also find out, what are the situations they can avoid in order to be successful. In order to market products the following issues should be considered: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Total French production of chocolate bars and confectionary, which has increased by 24.5 % between 1988 and 1991, has slowed down in more recent years, partly due to the economic fall. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intake of chocolate products, which has been growing since 1991, remained properly still in 1992, causing a fall in demand due to the gloomy economic situation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sales of milk chocolate bars, which account for 24% by volume of total sales of chocolate bars, came down by 3.7 %. Opportunities Through its confectionary product line, least to mention is to build feasible positions in focused markets through biological growth and acquirement. Besides what is mention above, Cadbury has opportunities to have developed market in Russia and China. The Timeout Candy Bar market is growing worldwide. This company is also at the same time distributing its products through the internet Develop Gourmet Line. Besides developing the Low Calorie variety of chocolates and sweets, they also offer the Sugar Free sweets variety. This has therefore completely opened a Cadbury world in US. In order to get the product into a new foreign market, France, Cadbury would have good opportunities in store for them. Opportunities are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In terms of political issues, France has advanced parliamentary democracy and is highly stable politically. The political power is nationalized in the parliament, the Prime Minister and the President. The country specific risk is insignificant. France is a member of the European Community and has excellent relations with the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economically, France has the fourth largest GDP in the world. It has an advanced market based economy. Despite a recent recession, its economy is very strong and also highly relaxed in line with European Union policies. France represents a very large potential market with a high standard of living and purchasing power. The economy is highly open internationally and conducts a high percentage of trade within its European partners. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ With regards to its social situation, France has a broadly central/southern European culture which has many similarities with the UK. However cultural differences do exist and these must be considered when planning for the market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ France has a high technological level and a lot of industries are based in the technological sector. This technological base constitutes one of Frances competitive advantages. Threats Due to its confectionary products, it is very important for Cadbury threat that is present or eminent. The company should take note of the changes in the consumers buying trend. It is perceived that consumers might shift from chocolates to Healthy snacks. If this were to happen, there might be a poor product development which would stain the Cadburys name. Useless to talk about price wars would occur between its competitors like Mars, Hershey and Nestle. Due to the abovementioned, there would be seasonal sales slumps all year round which will reflect to an increase in cost of the raw materials needed. Cadbury would then have to be prepared for growth of small local gourmet chocolates and regional candy manufacturers. However if Cadbury were to market its products in France, the company has to be aware of the risks it could meet. It might: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Not understand foreign customer preferences and fail to offer a competitively attractive product; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Not understand the foreign countrys business culture or know how to deal effectively with foreign nationals; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Underestimate foreign regulations and incur unexpected costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Threat of entry due to the competition growing through acquisition. Although the company has come up with a few current products, it is targeting to a new market. Despite the competition against the rest (Hersheys, MM Mars and Nestle), Cadbury needs to have a bargaining power of the buyers in order to be competitive in the market. The company even needs to know that substitutes are not a major concern. Finally, to conclude that Cadbury is in the Market Development, they would have to have the bargaining power of suppliers as they are not in power position due to commodity like nature. And also to be aware of the cost of packaging materials as it has increased over time. There are a few strategic recommendations that Cadbury could come up with in order to market its products not only in the region of France, but also to market it products successfully. After much discussion on the position of the product Urban Poverty in Canada: Political Analysis Urban Poverty in Canada: Political Analysis Submitted to: Professor. Nugent Submitted by: Nadia Haidar Introduction Urban poverty in Canada has become one of the major factors that require consideration in a political perspective to arrive at a solution. This problem took its foothold in the country between the year 1990 and 2000. According to a report by the urban poverty project, in the year 2012 about half of Canada’s population an amount totaling to 15.3 million people lived in just four of the urban areas among them Toronto. This makes the country of Canada one of the most urbanized countries with a population of 25 million people living in the urban areas. Among these people about one of every six people lived in Poverty. In the year 2000, about 3.3 million people who are poor Canadians had their residence in the Census Metropolitan areas. As the population of the people in the Metropolitan area grow, the rate of poor urban dwellers increases at a faster rate. Among the major city of Canada, the City of Toronto has the largest number of low earning people with a population of about 77 1530 and has a poverty rate of about 16.2%. (Katherine, 2007) Abstract With the upcoming elections of the Ontario provincial election, a city election, and a federal election, this paper tries to focus on the election in terms of the impact it would have on the geographical urban poverty. It also focuses on the platforms and candidates take on the various ideologies that they advocate for in their campaign in relation to the urban poverty. The paper also focuses on the debates and the effect of quality on the people as per the decision they make in voting for the leaders. One of the parties in with fighting for the poor urban people is the Communist party. The party which in the provincial elections due to happen on June the 12th, is running 11 Candidates has on its website encouraged people to vote for the program in which the working class were fighting for. According to the 1990 to 2000 report, about 45% of people living in the urban area contribute to the GDP of Canada. Yet among these people, the poor have quite a good percentage. According to one of their candidates Elizabeth Rowley she promises to put the needs of the people first before cooperate greed. The party intends to achieve this by offering good jobs to its people, affordable renting and housing controls among others. (Rowley, 2014 ) In the communist party campaign they are pointing out clear that, there is a gap between the rich and the poor, pointing out that the poverty level is on the rise and unemployment is quite as high as well. As the provincial leader of the communist party Ro wley points out that what they fear most is not the liberal party that has failed the people of Ontario, but the conservative party led by Tim Hudak. The conservative party is laying the facts clear that if elected they will lay down about 10000 people working in the public sector. According to the communist, this attempt would demolish the public sector. In attempt to slash the wages arguably, the conservative party would be contributing to the rise in the poverty level, greatly affecting the urban poverty negatively making it grow rather than decrease. Contrary to what the communist party is offering, with the likes of a quality public service with better health care and hospitals being one of their promises to the people. According to the NDP, they have an economic plan, which involves a raise in the minimum wage rate to $12 per hour and later tying it to the inflation. This move of increasing the current paltry by a dollar per hour as it is currently at $11 per hour will help the poor in the province to make more money to live off well. (Stockton, 2014) This comes from the leader of the NDP Andrea Horwath. Asking the employers to pay more however, would result to the workers losing their jobs. The Capitalists aim of cutting off operation costs and raising the price of the goods, acting in the disfavor of the poor. According to the campaign of the NDP party, their argument is that increasing the minimum wage gives the poor people a chance to have a hold of the money, which they spend, putting it in the circular flow of the economy thus experiencing growth. To dispute this however, looking at a place where it has been in application, in the United States of America, a study after comparing the geograph ical contiguous regions whose minimum wage was different found that a high minimum wage rate related to the unemployment rate in the region. (Debra Burke) Looking at the facts on the ground it is also important to identify the people who are working below the minimum age, only 4.6 % of the people of Ontario that works below the minimum wage rate. While this seems like quite a good idea, the minimum wage rate raise may not be the solution to most of the problems. The liberal party of Canada policy resolutions: Most of Toronto seems to ignore the local politics, with the current mayor Rob Ford still running for office. There are a number of other candidates among them Ashok Sajnani, Morgan Baskin, a dentists and a student who are considered as long shots for the job. Arguably, they should start the city hall politics serving as a councillor but not in their opinion. The Conservative’s party candidate however John Tory deemed as one of the most likely candidate to topple Rob Fords leadership idea as per his fiscal strategies include lowering taxes especially property taxes which to some extent is in the favor of the poor. (Powell, 2014) The debates of the parties in the Ontario representatives seem to carry weight on the people of Ontario based on their influence. The big parties do have a great say in the debates and the emphasis is majorly in them. The parties presented in the debates mostly are; the Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative Party, and New Democratic party their leaders are Kathleen Wynne, Tim Hudak. The other parties, such as the communist party of Canada do not seem to get an equal platform with these two. The quality of the debates may be quite good since they are a great determinant of the polls; the politicians try their best to lay it out for the people the actions they are going to take once in their government. In a recent call from the doctors, they asked the four on the province political parties to engage in a debate involving health care. (CBC News, 2014) The poor people being among the great number of the 700000 Ontarians who do not have the primary access to such care needs clarifi cation. The Liberal leader take on this through their leader Kathleen Wynne promised of primary access to a health care provider by the year 2018. According to Kathleen, this would cost less than $20 million. In the opinion of the Progressive Conservative party through their leader Tim Hudak, he suggested demolishing the existing health service and focusing on the employees like nurses as the frontline. The New Democratic Party leader Andrea Howarth plans to reduce the time by half that ER wait times take. Adding another 250 nurse practitioners in the emergency rooms was a further suggestion as well as 50 new family clinics working on a 24-hour system. Despite this suggestion, the request to have a formal debate that involves the four leaders would help the citizens make an informed decision. The health care anticipated debate is a good example of showing the quality of the debates since they greatly affect the decision of the voter. In a study that was carried out by Ipsos, show th at the majority of the Ontarians whom were undecided about the leader they were going to support were going to make their decision based on the June 3rd debate. Thirty eight percent of the people make their decision on whom to vote for on the day after the debate. Thirteen percent of them wait until the last debate while fourteen percent will wait until the last week of the campaign, and eleven percent of the people make the decision on the day of the election. However, this is significant to the quality of the debate and how convincing they can be, the study also shows that sixty two percent of the Ontarians make the decision long before the elections begin with forty one percent of them not changing their decision throughout the campaign. Twenty-one percent of the Ontarians however might change their mind. (Ipsos, 2014) An issue reported with the debates is about the inaccessibility to the debate by candidates of the provincial election of Ontario. On May, 29th 2014, a debate was held in Cambridge Ontario and was inaccessible to the people with disability. The event organizers did not put into consideration that the disabled people too would want to attend the all candidates’ debate. In this event, the local advocator of the people with disabilities Lyn McGinnis was not able to access the all candidate debate. Having an accessible venue is important to have a barrier free debate that all willing to attend can do so. Conclusion Conclusively, the results of the election will greatly determine the state of the urban poverty since the policy that the party that will win by a majority will determine the future of the people. Different people hold different opinions in the parties’ and have a strategy to make their condition better. The liberal party may, to majority of these people, see that they have been failed by the party since in their rule, unemployment has not been solved, greater disparity of the poor and the rich, and the greedy capitalists have not made it better for the people. The political debates are of great significance to the election of the country. The quality of these debates is therefore required to be high to influence the voters to make their decision based on the policy that the different provincial parties make. Many families, including my own, have suffered through poverty decade after decade. It is up to us citizens to make this vote count, vote for the right party, and help end this vicious cycle of poverty so many Ontarians continue to suffer through. WORD COUNT: 1990 References CBC News. (2014, May 30). Ontario election 2014 :Doctors Want Parties to Debate . Debra Burke, S. M. (n.d.). Minimum Wage and Unemployment Rates :A study of Contiguous Counties . Ipsos. (2014, June 2). Whats Riding on the Ontario Election Leaders Debate. Retrieved from Ipsos News and Polls: www.ipsos-na.com Katherine, F. G. (2007). A Lost Decade: Urban Poverty in Canada 1990 to 2000. Ottawa: Canadian Council on Social Development. Powell, B. (2014, March 15). Toronto Mayoral election Profile: John Tory. Toronto Stars. Rowley, E. (2014 , May 19) Communist Party of Canada. Retrieved from www.communistpartycanada.ca Stockton, M. W. (2014, May 24).Minimum Wage in the Ontario Election and Canada. The True North Times.

Comparison of The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay -- The Lam

When do we change? When do we change from being the innocent children God sent into the world, to the corrupted ones that leave the earth? William Blake’s ‘Songs of Innocence and Experience examine these different states. Blake wanted to show the two contrary states in the human mind. The Lamb and the Tyger are just vehicles for Blake to express what he feels happens to people as they grow, develop and eventually become perverted by the world around them. Blake’s background and occupation greatly influenced the style and content of his poems. He lived during the 18th Century when the church was beginning to lose its grip on British society; science was rising up against the church. Blake was part of a group known as the Romantics. He began to challenge the church believing that an individual could discover God without going to church. His poems ‘The Lamb’ and ‘The Tyger’ reflect this, as he is telling how God created these two animals and on another level how he created humanity. ‘We are called by his name’ (The Lamb) The message that Blake is trying to convey in this line is that it is God who calls us to discover him. He is saying that no one else has the power to tell you what to believe not even the church. God and the individual are the only ones privy to this ultimate power! His role as an engraver and artist is reflected in the details he gives about the two animals. In The Tyger he describes it as, ‘burning bright.’ He is describing it from a painter’s perspective in the way he is talking of the tiger’s colouring. At the time Blake was writing The Lamb the French Revolution was taking place. Blake was very supportive of the revolution, as he was deeply concerned about the poor social, economic and political ... ...is and see them as normal. It is then that people change from being the untainted children God sent to earth to the corrupted adults that leave it. Works Cited Blake, William. â€Å"The Tyger.† The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Ed. David Damrosch and et al. 2nd ed, Volume 2A. New York: Longman, 2003. Blake, William. "The Lamb." The Harbrace Anthology of Poetry. 3rd ed. Ed. Jon C. Stott, Raymond E. Jones, and Rick Bowers. Toronto: Nelson, 2002. 97 Internet Sources Consulted Blake, William. The Tyger. Songs of Innocence and of Experience. DjVu Editions E-Books, 2001. Web 7 may 2015. Blake, William. The Lamb. Songs of Innocence and of Experience. DjVu Editions E-Books, 2001. Web 7 may 2015. Comparison of The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay -- The Lam When do we change? When do we change from being the innocent children God sent into the world, to the corrupted ones that leave the earth? William Blake’s ‘Songs of Innocence and Experience examine these different states. Blake wanted to show the two contrary states in the human mind. The Lamb and the Tyger are just vehicles for Blake to express what he feels happens to people as they grow, develop and eventually become perverted by the world around them. Blake’s background and occupation greatly influenced the style and content of his poems. He lived during the 18th Century when the church was beginning to lose its grip on British society; science was rising up against the church. Blake was part of a group known as the Romantics. He began to challenge the church believing that an individual could discover God without going to church. His poems ‘The Lamb’ and ‘The Tyger’ reflect this, as he is telling how God created these two animals and on another level how he created humanity. ‘We are called by his name’ (The Lamb) The message that Blake is trying to convey in this line is that it is God who calls us to discover him. He is saying that no one else has the power to tell you what to believe not even the church. God and the individual are the only ones privy to this ultimate power! His role as an engraver and artist is reflected in the details he gives about the two animals. In The Tyger he describes it as, ‘burning bright.’ He is describing it from a painter’s perspective in the way he is talking of the tiger’s colouring. At the time Blake was writing The Lamb the French Revolution was taking place. Blake was very supportive of the revolution, as he was deeply concerned about the poor social, economic and political ... ...is and see them as normal. It is then that people change from being the untainted children God sent to earth to the corrupted adults that leave it. Works Cited Blake, William. â€Å"The Tyger.† The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Ed. David Damrosch and et al. 2nd ed, Volume 2A. New York: Longman, 2003. Blake, William. "The Lamb." The Harbrace Anthology of Poetry. 3rd ed. Ed. Jon C. Stott, Raymond E. Jones, and Rick Bowers. Toronto: Nelson, 2002. 97 Internet Sources Consulted Blake, William. The Tyger. Songs of Innocence and of Experience. DjVu Editions E-Books, 2001. Web 7 may 2015. Blake, William. The Lamb. Songs of Innocence and of Experience. DjVu Editions E-Books, 2001. Web 7 may 2015.

Checkpoint Jsbmha and Hipaa Case Study

Checkpoint: JSBMHA and HIPAA Case Study Phoebe Edwards Carrie Cooper 4/18/13 1. How does HIPPA serve to protect patient rights? A patient’s health information can be shared with doctors and hospitals for treatment and care. The information can also be shared with family members who the patient has given permission to access the patient’s records. HIPPA’s guidelines make clear exactly what information about patients is protected. Called PHI, this information includes anything that would identify a patient, from name, Social Security numbers and addresses to broader identifiers like race, age and home state.Information about the person’s health care needs or medical history is also considered PHI. HIPPA guidelines dictate that this information cannot be shared except in particular instances, including when the individual patient requests their own personal information, or when privacy investigation by the Department of Health and Human Services requires it. 2. What areas of the JSBMHA did HIPAA compliance impact? HIPPA has a great impact on the patients’ rights, all areas of the JSBMHA is affected by these two individuals. It affected the patients, and put the agency in an awkward position.It affected the grandmother which she can make others aware about what happened and this could affect the agency negatively. People who are involved with the agency could make people feel uncomfortable about giving them any information. And this mean any information is not safe at JSBMHA, and the trust has been violated. 3. What actions should the JSBMHA director take about the HIPAA violation? I think that both of them should get suspended, this is a serious violation. They have put JSBMHA in a very bad situation and have lost the trust of the family.Jim know better ,because he has been with JSBMHA for a long time, longer then Betty, he should have told her that she should have not be talking about these clients outside of the office. I think that Jim should get fired because he know ‘s better, after being at the JSMHA for 20 years is a long time to be with JSMHA and it is more than enough time to know and understand the rules. Jim was supposed to be an example to Betty, someone who Betty can learn from. JSMHA should fired Jim and Betty because Jim did not tell about the HIPAA rules.

The Effects of Jazz and Classical Music on Musicians Essay Essays

The Effects of Jazz and Classical Music on Musicians Essay Essays The Effects of Jazz and Classical Music on Musicians Essay Essay The Effects of Jazz and Classical Music on Musicians Essay Essay A thesis presented on the history of wind as compared to classical music and the effects on instrumentalists. get downing with the birth of wind. and covering the 20th century. Berliner ( 1994 ) impresses upon the thought that wind music is more of import to a musician’s development and an individual’s mental wellness than classical music. It is this author’s sentiment that Jazz is superior over classical music because wind music is frequently soft. smooth. and brooding. In add-on. the universe of wind has some fantastic creative persons who can both play and compose wind music so extraordinary that it will do music lovers melt similar ice as the emphasis washes off. Jazz allows people to shut their eyes. relax. mediate. and dream about their loved 1s. It is the best for mediation intents because it provides people with softness. composure. psyche. and phantasy. The freedom found in wind represents the freedom inside of all Americans. Jazz itself is a success narrative told through its ain innovation. True wind instrumentalists play the music that they do as a necessity to themselves. Their music is their diary. and their journal is more pure than words can state. Jazz is America’s great part to the humanistic disciplines. It is thrilling. tickle pinking. and challenging music that stirs emotions of all sorts. Jazz is in the head. bosom. and in the psyche. Its influence extends worldwide. and touches all related signifiers of music. It is an enriching art signifier that deserves a particular topographic point in our vivacious civilization. III In the universe of wind. immature performing artists must get the hang a repertory of chord patterned advances. off-beats. and harmoniousnesss so that they can number on them as constructions around which and through which they might weave more charming fluctuations. Wind participants use chord alterations as a agency of giving form to melodic improvisation. Classical participants simply read lead sheets or book agreements and utilize rigorous chord symbols in a much more inactive manner. â€Å"Classical music is simple for its rhythmic form and simplistic chords while jazz’ chords are complex† Cook ( p. 17 ) . Many may reason that classical music is a more built-in portion of development. but a gifted classical composer will in fact draw on stylistic elements of wind to enrich the classical tradition of symphonic music. Classical composers have systematically been doing usage of two elements of wind over the old ages which are syncope and harmoniousness characterized by bluish notes. â€Å"Indeed. even seemingly knowing classical instrumentalists frequently sound baffled and diffident about the kernel of wind music. † Carr ( p. 174 ) . Some of the most complete instrumentalists of our clip have devoted themselves to a life-long survey of wind music. and few classical instrumentalists have been able to get the hang wind. Jazz music ran parallel to the development of the 20th century classical manner music. Those instrumentalists that learn both types of music are non locked into one type of subject. and will hold more musical experiences. â€Å"We are the musical thaw pot accomplishing a vision of unifying civilizations that fulfilled the image that America had of its ain societal fate. † Gioia ( P. 395 ) . As a consequence of this construct. wind composers began to go to symphonic music concerts. and later wind and classical manners began to overlap to a grade ; which resulted in an art signifier now referred to as wind merger. Some would reason that wind music is excessively different from classical due to being unceremonial. gritty. or excessively improvisational. Between 1920 and 1950 wind and classical music together made the most successful parts to music. â€Å"One genre basically has the ability to larn something from the other. and can make an even more bewitching sound. † Ratl iff ( p. 23 ) Many could challenge over the fact that a fledgling to wind might experience bewildered by its proliferation of manners and differing attacks to music-making. â€Å"Indeed. harmoniousnesss are more unresolved. phrases more irregular. speech patterns crisp. and pacing are more varied. but that is what makes it so beautiful. Its insouciant nature is evidenced by the inoffensiveness of incorrect notes being plated. by vocalists taking breath sometimes without relation to wordss. and instrumentalists being introduced right in the center of a performance† Ratliff ( p. 72 ) . Classical music on the other manus can on occasion trip a thorough geographic expedition of ego and head. It may do a individual to look at their failures in life. A sudden realisation of ego can be utmost or painful. Not everyone enjoys classical music. In the UK. classical music is used to drive groups of young persons off from topographic points they congregate in. Jazz music is a beautiful improvisational a rt doing itself up as it goes along merely like the state that gave it birth. and with each pat of the pes. wind instrumentalists reaffirm their connexion to the Earth. Jazz waxes and ebbs between tenseness and rest. It challenges the instrumentalist with capriciousness and so honoring the hearer with predictable beat. â€Å"Jazz wagess single look but demands altruistic coaction. † Ward ( p. 1 ) . Listening to wind is non merely a satisfying and honoring experience ; surveies show that it is really good for a musician’s wellness. Listening to wind or playing wind tunes can alleviate chronic hurting and megrims. cut down blood force per unit area. speed up post-stroke recovery. better memory. hike unsusceptibility and bring on relaxation. 2 Jazz music helps distract people. It gives persons a sense of control and besides releases endorphins into their organic structures that alleviate hurting. There is a really contextual argument that classical music is superior due to the fact it can let go of Dopastat during expectancy and experience of peak emotion to music. It conveys really good what the composer puts into it. and although classical music does trip pleasance and reward-related parts of the encephalon making a high. playing extremely pitched stimulating music for long periods is non healthy because it leads to cortisol and noradrenalin secernment without the attendant battle or flight action. Long term overdose with those endocrines is good documented to make many wellness jobs. from depression to sexual disfunction. The current market portion of Jazz in America is mere 3 per centum. but wind is still regarded as a really powerful music which is in the blood and feeling of the American people more than any other manner of music. It can be made the footing of serious symphonic plants of enduring value in the custodies of a talented composer. â€Å"Jazz music has ever been and everlastingly will be cardinal in the development of future musicians† Cook ( p. 65 ) . Glossary Bebop: the manner of wind developed by immature participants in the early 40s. peculiarly Parker. Gillespie. Kenny Clarke. Charlie Christian and Bud Powell. Small groups were favored. and simple criterion melodies or merely their chord patterned advances were used as springboards for rapid. many-noted improvisations utilizing long. guerrilla. syncopated phrasing. Improv was based on chordal harmoniousness instead than the melody. The ‘higher intervals’ of the chords ( 9th. 11th and 13th ) were emphasized in improv and in piano chord voicings. and changes were used more freely than earlier. particularly the augmented 11th. The land round was moved from the bass membranophone to the drive cymbal and the twine bass. and the rhythmic feel is more streamlined and elusive than earlier. Instrumental virtuosity was stressed. while tone quality became more reticent. less evidently ‘expressive’ . The manner cast a really long shadow and many of today’s particip ants 60 old ages subsequently could be reasonably described as bebop. Bluess: ( 1 ) A signifier usually dwelling of 12 bars. remaining in one key and traveling to IV at saloon 5. ( 2 ) A melodious manner. with typical associated harmoniousnesss. utilizing certain ‘blues scales’ . Riffs and grace notes. ( 3 ) A musical genre. hereditary to wind and portion of it. ( 4 ) A feeling that is said to inform all of wind. Boogie ( boogie-woogie ) : a manner of piano playing really popular in the mid-thirtiess. Bluess. with uninterrupted repeated 8th note forms in the left manus and exciting but frequently stereotyped blues Riffs and figures in the right manus. Meter: A key-establishing chord patterned advance. by and large following the circle of fifths. A turnaround is one illustration of a meter. Sometimes a whole subdivision of a melody can be an drawn-out meter. In understanding the harmonic construction of a melody. it’s of import to see which chords are connected to which others in meters. Free Wind: a manner of the early and in-between 1960ss. affecting ‘free’ playing and a fierce affect. It was originally associated with black cultural patriotism. Sometimes two drummers and/or two bass participants were used. Some free wind was profound. and some non really good. Some who played it subsequently denounced it. but the manner became an ingredient in future manners and still has many advocates despite its deficiency of general popularity. Groove: an infective feeling of rightness in the beat. of being absolutely centered. This is a hard term to specify. A Medium Groove is a pacing of. state. 112. with a slinky or funky feeling. Improvisation ( improv ) : the procedure of spontaneously making fresh tunes over the continuously repeating rhythm of chord alterations of a melody. The improviser may depend on the contours of the original melody. or entirely on the possibilities of the chords’ harmoniousnesss. or ( like Ornette Coleman ) on a footing of pure tune. The ‘improv’ besides refers to the improvisational subdivision of the melody. as opposed to the caput. Inner voice: a melodious line. no affair how fragmental. lying between the bass and the tune. Interlude: an extra subdivision in a melody. particularly one between one person’s solo and another’s. The Dizzy Gillespie standard A Night In Tunisia has a celebrated interlude. Jazz Standard: A well-known melody by a wind instrumentalist. See Standard. Latin: ( 1 ) Afro-Cuban. Brazilian or other South American-derived. There are many particular footings used in Latin music and I haven’t tried to include them here. ( 2 ) Played with equal 8th notes as opposed to swung ( see swing def. 2 ) . Besides ‘straight-8? . The feel of bossa novas and obeche. Form: a pre-planned melodious figure. repeated at different pitch degrees. Something played automatically by the fingers without much idea. Reliance on forms is the trademark of a weak participant. Mentions: Berliner. Thinking in Jazz. University of Chicago. 1994 Carr. Ian. Jazz the Essential Companion. Prentice Hall Press. 1987 Cook. Richard. The Penguin Guide to Jazz. Penguin Books. 2004 Gioia. Ted. The History of Jazz. Oxford University Press. 1997 Ward. Geoffrey. Jazz a History of America’s Music. Random House. 2000 5